Critical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins

Critical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a detailed count on of the authors battle with depression and mental illness. Gilmans state of mental illness and delusion is portrayed in this narrative essay. Through her explanation of this debilitating illness, the reader is able to relate her behavior and thoughts to that of an insane patient in an asylum. She exhibits the same type of thought processes and behaviors that are characteristic of this kind of person. In addition, she is constantly treated by those surrounding her as if she were actually in some form of mental hospital. Charlotte Perkins Gilmans state of depression began after she gave affinity to her one and only daughter. She was diagnosed and given a prescription of rest in order to cure her unhealthiness (Kennedy 469). Gilman was taken away to a secluded abode by her husband in order to obtain such rest. However, as it becomes evident to the reader, this rest actually plays a role in furthering Gilmans mental state. The reader watches as Gilmans condition worsens as a result of this treatment. It is through her writing and documenting that the reader is able to relate her to a mentally insane being (Kennedy 469). As is evident to the reader, Gilman is suffering from some sort of mental disorder and/or illness. As is defined by one doctor, disease of the mind is any medically recognized disorder that may render a defendant incapable of understanding the nature and quality of his or her actions or fucking that those actions were wrong(Rogers 221). It is obvious through her actions and thoughts that Gilman does suffer from a disease of... ...t she does in fact resemble an institutionalized human being. Gilman obviously does not know how to make mature judgments for herself. She is not in a stable frame of mind, and thus portrays someone in an insane asylum. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Literature an presentation to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy. New York Longman, 1999. 469-481.Goldberg, Richard, M.D. Diagnosing Disorders of Mood, Thought and Behavior. Medical Examination Publishing New York, 1981.Kosson, David S. A New Method for Assessing the Interpersonal Behavior of Psychopathic Individuals Preliminary verification Studies. Psychological Assessment. 9.1 (1997) 89 pp. 3 May 1997.Pinel, Philippe. A Treatise on Insanity. Hafner New York, 1962.Rogers, Richard. Conducting Insanity Evaluations. Van Nostrand New York, 1986.

Jane Eyre :: English Literature

Jane EyreWhat do you learn from Janes arrival at Thornfield and her firstmeeting with Mr Rochester?When Jane first arrives at Thornfield she is greeted by Mrs Fairfax,she receives a adoring welcome and an inquiry into whether she is coldand a subsequent offer to warm by the fire. This something Jane is notused to, in the past at the Reeds house, Gateshead, and certainly atLowood her reception had been quite cold and harsh.At Gateshead Jane was treated badly and received no love. Bessie theservant was the only person who even showed some sort of hobby inher. In my opinion Bessie cared for Jane as her own, reading to hermany times out of the books by the window seat. Of course the Reedchildren were treated much more middling and there was biases towardsthem, but this was down to Mrs Reeds dislike for Jane, which isstated later in the story just before she dies.In chapter three Jane has been in the red means as a punishment andwhen she comes out she has suffered greatly and needs to see a doctor.However Mrs Reed only sends for a apothecary, if one of her ownchildren had been gouty a proper doctor would have been called, whichagain shows Mrs Reeds poor treatment of Jane.When finally Jane is sent to what Mr Lloyd thinks will be a betterplace for her, Lowood School, she is confront with more distantrelationships and hard conditions. However Miss Temple and Helen Burnsare of great contrast to the main theme at Lowood and provide at lastsomeone Jane can trust and relate to. Miss Temple has a kind characterand concerns herself with Janes easy being when she arrives at theschool. She later becomes the close at hand(predicate) Jane gets to a role model inlife. Helen is Janes first friend and has a profound effect on her inmany ways as well as being a counterbalance to Janes character andteaching her to be self-controlled and well disciplined and studiousto get on in life.As I put earlier when Jane first comes to Thornfield she is meet byMrs Fairfax. As always Jane is quick to form impressions in her mindwhich as readers we learn and can appreciate. She describes her asthe neatest imaginable little elderly lady. Which you see as quite alikeable and welcoming character. She then goes on to say A more tranquilize introduction for a new governess could scarcely beconceived. This shows the perfect setting for Jane at last, which is

Cormac McCarthy The Crossing Essay -- Essays Papers

Cormac McCarthy The CrossingThis story contains an almost equal balance of good and evil, though it also raises questions of what is truly good. It blurs the line between good and selfish or thoughtless. Characters actions sometimes appear impure, scarcely in the long run, are good. In this story Billy is faced with a wide range of undeserved punishments, but shows good through all of them with his strong will and determination. He accepts the things that happen to him in a levelheaded manner, which works to keep the story from becoming a tragedy. The first instance of undeserved punishment is the death of Billys family. Not only was he unable to help them in any way, there was no good reason for it to happen. While Billy could lose all hope, become depressed, and angry at the world or at God for this injustice, he instead sets out to right the wrong. To begin his venture to right the wrong, Billy goes to get Boyd, whos been staying at another home after his familys death. in fron t they leave, Billy takes a shotgun, blanket, money, and other supplies from the house. Boyd comments, Even a outlaw dont rob them thats took him in and befriended him. In this instance it could be state that Billys actions are morally wrong. In this case however, the ends justify the means. Billy is committing a small wrong to serve the greater good, which reflects a higher(prenominal) prompting on Billys behalf. Billys patience is also tried when he learns of his heart murmur. He is attempti...

Comparing Frankenstein, Origin of the Species and Decent of Man Essay

Comparing Frankenstein, solution of the Species and Decent of Man I will demonstrate in this paper how bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein confirms, and at the same time contradicts Darwins desires presented in The Origin of the Species and The Decent of Man. bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein is at once, confirming, and contradictory of Charles Darwins scientific discoveries and views on science, nature and the relation of the individual to society. Mary Shelley confirms Darwins ideas through Frankenstein, when Dr. Frankenstein and Darwin twain reject God as the creator of human life. Although this is a major theme in both kit and boodle, it is the only similar idea shared between both Darwin and Frankenstein. Darwins understanding of nature is comparable to that of Mary Shelley although how the individual relates to society is gravely different between the two works. One of Darwins admiring disciples, Andrew Carnegie, the pen of The Gospel of Wealth, shows us how contradictory these ideas are in relation to each other. His ideas of inheritance and the conduct of man are in disagreement with the actions of Shelleys Dr. Frankenstein. Throughout Darwins works the idea of the rejection of God as creator of man prevails. He alludes to prehistoric marine Ascidian larvae, as the predecessors to the later evolved human beings we are today. This would give credit for the man of man to the process of evolution, not to the handiwork of a Supreme Being. Species had not been independently created, but had descended, like varieties, from other species(Appleman, 36). Darwin is showing here what conclusions he came upon round the Origin of the Species, in which he used science to prove his theories. He is replacing God with ideas... ...heir works, giving the power of creation to evolution and mankind. They also both present similar views on nature, seeing it as a tool for scientific exploration and not as a wonder of beauty as it is often seen today. Using the work of Andrew Carnegie to show Darwinian ideas about the individual in society, we can see that these ideas strongly contradict those which Shelley presents in Frankenstein. Overall I believe that Mary Shelleys Frankenstein exemplifies many ideas expressed in the works of Darwin, enough that they can be considered enriching of each other in terms of comparison. Works CitedDarwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. New York Gramercy Books, 1979.Darwin, Charles. The Descent Of Man. Amherst, NY Prometheus Books, 1998.Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Ed. D.L. Macdonald and Kathleen Scherf. Orchard Park, NY Broadview Press, 1999.

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Ac :: essays research papers

Things Fall ApartThere was a man who dreamed as a child of creation sanitary known and respected throughout his village and neighboring villages. This man, Okonkwo, worked hard at his goal, and he achieved it. Okonkwo, a man with great strength and personality, had achieved his goal to become fat and famous, a privilege that was un confabulaten before in his family. Although Okonkwo reached his goal at an early age, his t nonpareil began to Fall Apart when tragic successivenesss took place. 1 can see that Okonkwos life first began to fall apart when Ikemefuma, a captive who stayed at Okonkwos home, was killed. Okonkwo had thought of Ikemefuma as one of his own sons. He was deeply saddened when he was killed. One can see the effects on Okonkwo from that event. First Okonkwo was unable to sleep for the following three days. He also kept on getting drunk, and that was a sign that he was depressed. This incident also had a long-term effect on Okonkwo. From then on his family would look at him as if it were his fault that Ikemefuma is dead. This episode can be seen as an event where Okonkwo looses some faith from his family. This corresponds to Okonkwo loosing faith in his father.Another important occurrence where one can see that Okonkwos life falls apart was when he was thrown out of the clan for a few years. From this episode one can see that Okonkwos hopes dreams have begun to fall apart. His hopes of being a rich and popular individual had drifted away with this upsetting incident. Okonkwo had no longer had his farm or animals. Also Okonkwo lost faith with most of his friends. This goes to salute that Okonkwo lost faith with his friends, like his father lost faith with his.Another episode that showed the downfall in Okonkwos life was when Nwoye, his oldest and favorite son, converted to the white mans religion, Christianity. To Okonkwo this was really upsetting because Nwoye was his eldest son, and Okonkwo had the greatest expectations for him. When ne ws came to him that Nwoye was among the white men, one could have foreseen that only no good was coming to Okonkwo after that. By glancing at Okonkwos life, one could see that the title Things Fall Apart fits perfectly with the book.

English Prose Study Essay :: English Literature

English Prose Study EssayMiss Havisham is archetypical introduced to the contributor when Mr Pumblechook(Pips Uncle) announces that Miss Havisham Requests Pips presence toplay at her mob.Miss Havisham fits into the main plot because she trains Estella to break their hearts. When Pip sees Estella for the fist time, heinstantly falls in applaud with her. Miss Havisham sees this and sheencourages Pip to do so. Miss Havisham was also, in Pips eyes, thecause of his Great expectations Miss Havisham may also have beenplaced in the novel by Dickens, To explore how the effects of badexperiences on people. In this case it would be Miss Havisham beingjilted on her spousal relationship dayIn the first description of Satis house you get the image of adilapidated house that has been abandoned even though there is someonethere still existing there. When pip goes to miss Havishams house sheasks him to touch her heart. This according to her is Broken. WhenMiss Havisham says I sometimes have sic k fancies this shows thatMiss Havisham is mentally disturbed in the head. Satis house is an olddecaying house, which was turned this way by Miss Havishams neglect.When Pip returns to miss Havishams she takes him into her weddingbreakfast room. There is a rotting cake in the mettle of the table.This sums up Miss Havishams life perfectly. Forgotten and Mouldy.Another thing that is made out to be strange is that al the clockshave been stopped at twenty to nine. This makes it sound like her lifehas been frozen in time, as she also wore one shoe, half her veil wasarranged and she still wore a decaying wedding dress. This makes thereaders believe that she has frozen time at that exact point.Miss Havisham plays an important part in the Novel as she leads pipinto believing that she was his benefactor because he believed thatshe was rearing him for Estella when in fact it was the convict(Magwitch). Miss Havishams character at the beginning of the novel ismade out to be cruel and heartless, however after on in the novel sheturns over a new leaf and begs for Pips forgiveness just before sheis burnt to death.Charles Dickens explores the reputation of sin and forgiveness in thenovel. Throughout the novel some of the people who have sinned triedto redeem themselves the other people who have sinned havent. Inaddition, Dickens explores the theme of what is a gentle man. CompysonWho jilted Miss Havisham and manipulated Magwitch into doing his dirty

English Prose Study Essay :: English Literature

English Prose Study Essay look out on Havisham is first introduced to the reader when Mr Pumblechook(Pips Uncle) announces that Miss Havisham Requests Pips presence toplay at her house.Miss Havisham fits into the main plot because she trains Estella to break their hearts. When Pip sees Estella for the fist time, heinstantly falls in love with her. Miss Havisham sees this and sheencourages Pip to do so. Miss Havisham was also, in Pips eyes, thecause of his Great expectations Miss Havisham may also have beenplaced in the novel by Dickens, To explore how the effects of badexperiences on people. In this case it would be Miss Havisham beingjilted on her wedding dayIn the first description of Satis house you get the anatomy of adilapidated house that has been abandoned even though there is someonethere still living there. When pip goes to miss Havishams house sheasks him to play her heart. This according to her is Broken. WhenMiss Havisham says I sometimes have sick fancies this shows th atMiss Havisham is mentally disturbed in the head. Satis house is an olddecaying house, which was turned this way by Miss Havishams neglect.When Pip returns to miss Havishams she takes him into her weddingbreakfast room. There is a rotting cake in the middle of the table.This sums up Miss Havishams smell perfectly. forget and Mouldy.Another thing that is made out to be strange is that al the clockshave been stopped at twenty to nine. This makes it sound like her lifehas been frozen in time, as she also wore one shoe, half her veil wasarranged and she still wore a decaying wedding dress. This makes thereaders believe that she has frozen time at that exact point.Miss Havisham plays an important part in the Novel as she leads pipinto believing that she was his benefactor because he believed thatshe was rearing him for Estella when in fact it was the reprobate(Magwitch). Miss Havishams character at the beginning of the novel ismade out to be cruel and heartless, however later on in t he novel sheturns everywhere a new leaf and begs for Pips forgiveness just before sheis burnt to death.Charles Dickens explores the theme of sin and forgiveness in thenovel. end-to-end the novel some of the people who have sinned triedto redeem themselves the other people who have sinned havent. Inaddition, Dickens explores the theme of what is a prosperous man. CompysonWho jilted Miss Havisham and manipulated Magwitch into doing his dirty

Does God Use “Evil”? Essay

In the history of Christianity, the problem of annoyance, or theodicy, has been one of the more vexing questions. It derives from the append between idols omnipotence on the one hand, and the manifestation of radical (i. e. unexplainable) evil on the otherwise, that is, evil that does not admit of a satisfying explanation. As a matter of course, Christian history has employmentd to specific and distinct models for explaining the problem of evil. They go by many names, unless in this book they ar called blueprint and warfare models of evil.Hence, this review will explain both world views (which, in reality, are holistic views of idol as such), and then seek to use the one the author accepts, the warfare view, as a basis for Christina worship. 1. The Blueprint view refuses to accept the problem of evil as such. In the blueprint view, there is no evil as radically considered. Good is all present transgressionce all is part of graven images will, that is, under His power. On t he other hand, evil is relative, not absolute, since its purpose in creation and history is to bring paragons people to a knowledge of Himself and a dependency upon Himself.Evil, in this understanding, is further apparent and transitory. There are two versions of the blueprint view that are worth mentioning a strong and a weak version. The strong version is cognize to most Calvinists, and it is a complete determination of global history. This is to say that there is a strong deterministic view, with God as the first, and active behave, whose power is a completely adequate explanation for all events. Free will is denied, and the only will that is free is Gods. he is above moral blame or praise, things are done because He willed it.If one cannot see the cosmic reason for a event of evil, then it is the fault of the person, who is so blinded by sin and egotism that he cannot fathom why evil can befall kind-heartedity, as if they were so wonderful and deserving of paradise. The wea ker version holds that free will exists and is real, but that God freely permits mans will to bring about evil so that the same blueprint is realized. In short, man as freely laying Gods blueprint is the weak version, God beginning it about though and only though his own power is the strong version.What they both have in common is the blueprint, the determined form of human history (and all the persons) in it that explains evil as the working out of Gods preordained plan. Therefore, the consolation that believers feel when faced with crisis and pain is that there is good behind the apparent evil, and hence, Gods will be Done is the slogan of this feeling (50ff). There are problems with the view that the author care deary lays out. In the most general terms, Boyd holds that this view of evil is completely unacceptable, and holds that God is playing more or less benignant of game with his human subjects.Generally speaking, Boyd seems to appeal to a common understanding moral posit ion that to ask modern people to accept radical evil, nonmeaningful death of children, slaughter of innocents, agonizing birth defects, etc. is too much for people. God is seen as playing with humanity, torturing them at will, and all for some secluded plan known only to Him. How can one worship such a being? (80ff). 2. The real response is in the warfare model of Gods power relative to evil. In its most basic form, th reality of Gods omnipotence in no way implies that God uses this to its full capacity.Since freedom is a good in itself, God permits free actions to intertwine with the radically complex causality of the natural world to bring about events. Hence, God does not bring them about, he permits his creation, which He has equipped with its own engine, so to speak, to work out its own tale in history. God, in this model, is not the cause of evil, but exists as a deliverer from evil. Gods will is not being accomplished on earth, and therefore, is not in his power. This is n ot a weakness in God, but a decision of His to let things run its course and permit human beings to have recourse to Him in their trials.God does not use evil, he delivers from evil. The implications for Christian worship are powerful and stunning. The blueprint view, as a matter of course, seems to reject the concept of petitionary prayer. In other words, if all is in Gods power, and all events (whether freely chosen or all part of Gods manifesting in the world), come from Gods eternal will, then there is no good reason to ask God for anything, and hence, that sort of parental relationship between man and God is eliminated. In the blueprint view, all one can do is seek to praise God, his power and goodness, and to seek communion and unity with Him.Hence, the warfare view rescues and makes sense out of petitionary prayer. Boyd uses several examples where God changes His mind, in order to listen to a prayer. God of course does not change his mind as a human would, but He has deliber ately shrunk his power in order to permit human will to be paramount. In other words, creation in the warfare view is about man coming close set(predicate) to God, and not the other way around, as is implied by the blueprint view (cf. 125-130). But the focalizepiece of the book and the warfare view towards worship is Christ as the image and icon of God.Christ is the expression of God, and hence, should be the center of worship. Christ as paragon does not cause evil both the determined course of physical nature and the free will of human beings to this in a series of long and unexplainable causal chains that are beyond the human capacity to understand. God has given creation its own method of movement, and evil results (to be abstract) from unbroken conflicts within these two roads of movement free and determined. Christ, on the other hand, came to earth in order to save believers from these clashes, to suffer with those afflicted and to draw them closer to Him.There is no neces sary plan being unfolded by this, but human beings have recourse to God in times of stress. Jesus heraldic bearing on earth, therefore, is to free humanity from evil. To see the transitoriness of the world and its massive complexity and to both accept suffering and to work against it (suffering can be worked against because it is not necessary). The blueprint view seems to demand a mere acceptance of evil without any action to be taken against it hence the lack of intercessory prayer. Hence, at the center of all this is the free approach to Christ. Love can only be based on freedom.In either the Calvinist or weaker view of determinism in the blueprint view, there is no real freedom God has arranged all, including the worship of Him. But this is clearly incompatible with love love must be chosen freely (152-155ff). But even more, evil is the result fo the misuse of human freedom this is the final point. God permits mankind to make mistakes in the same sense that a loving father perm its children to make errors, so that they learn. He withdraws Himself in order to let human freedom reign, not some divine plan decided before the creation of the world.The very existence of human freedom is incompatible with the blueprint view. God sets his face against those who use this freedom for evil, and provides grace and solace for those who are victimized by it. But this warfare will not last for eternity, Christs taking on human nature becomes the final victory of Gods union with mankind. Jesus does not cause evil, he heals from evil. He sees those using their freedom for evil as ignorant, as not fully knowing what they are doing. God then, as his final word, seeks forgiveness and reconciliation.

Love Sex and Relationships Essay

Sex, and Lasting Relationships by Ingram Love is the state in which man sees things most astray different from what they are. -Nietzsch Many times we just forgo some of the warnings of revel and we fall into infatuation. Our love is biased, meaning we dont let time advert the growth of our love, we often for fix that love is centered in the partner, that we need to grow everyday in order to have a better kindred with God and each other. Sometimes we fall in love with two people, when true love focuses on one, we often follow our flesh.Many times we tone of voice insecure about our partner, when in true love we dont even have to think about deceive. We very often try to rake the obstacles instead of fighting together, we let distance become an obstacle, is it real love? In general we are a generation of the present, when getting into a blood we forget that an important thing is to think about the future together, driven by our media and our sex centered society it is really ea sy to get overwhelmed by a miss leaded definition of love. ove has three main components those of the spirit, mind, and body. Ingram calls these agape, phileo, and eros selfless love, a beautiful friendship, and physical love. Interestingly, and according to what I see in our society and in what is portrayed in the media love is eros, more and more erotic scenes, more and more body involved, less talk more action, what is that? Our societies caprice of love, seemingly, has fallen into a selfish flesh satisfying Love.I mean it is well understood that love comes first through our eyes, and that this physical charity is a very important part of a relationship, but love cannot stand on it itself, if we are driven only by eros, we are more averse to fall into sinning by cheating on our partners, our view of Though to help eros, there is phileo, or companionship. This love is the kind of love ask to get to know each other well, sometimes we are just rushed by our emotions and we step into a relationship we did not mean to get into.Firstly we need to spend time with each other, but spending time itself is nothing, unless we share our lives openly, and freely. We need to have this companionship were we play games, we share our gladness and our sadness, what pastors often call quality time. By listening to my friends, those who are in a relationship, I have noticed that all the talks they have with their partners (be them couples or just friends), are very superficial, arrogant and self-centered, meaning there is also a third component for love to be fulfilled.The third component of love is the so called Agape, the selfless love, the not infatuated. And I really like how the author puts it giving others the most when they deserve the less. And better defined in 1 Corinthians 13. Are we in love or infatuated? Indeed, steamy starts do not promote our best thinking. Intense emotions often block us from taking a careful and objective look at ourselves, the person we a re dating, and the relationship we are forming.

Recruitment and selection within health Essay

1.1 Explain the impact on selection and enlisting military operationes, in own setting, ofA) Legislative destinysB) Regulatory requirementsC) Professional CodesD) agree ways of workingAs the manager it important to consider equal opportunities when offering employment, pay, or promotion without discrimination as to sex, race, colour, disability, etc. This can take for an impact on the recruitment process because I must take into consideration that the needs of my proceeds users. For example some of my service users surrender confabulation needs which requires my staff to be fluent in spoken English. Should the service user feel they are not being understood this could lead to them beseeming very confused or frustrated and may even result in them exhibiting ch every last(predicate)enging behaviours. During the recruitment process I have to ensure that all(a) staff pass a verity of checks such as DBS and ISA. This process is in place to ensure the person is suitable to work with our vulnerable service user group and more importantly to ensure everyone is safety and protection. As the manager I also have to ensure I comply with the CQC requirement which areEnhance DBSISA check2 references one of which should be the last employerFull work history from leaving full time education entitled to work in the UKAt Auckland stand we have a set shift pattern which all staff are expected to work and is candid to change with 24 prior hour notice. This may have an impact on the requirement process as the candidate may not be prepared to work the proposed patterned in which case this would have an influence on the decision I make at the recruitment stage.1.2 Explain constituent when it is necessary to seek specialist expertise in relation to recruitment and selection At Auckland house we do have a couple of former(a) service users who at the moment are reasonabilityindependent. Should one of them become less independent and require more specialist treatment and its d eemed in the beat interest for the service user to remain in our care we may have to look into employing a specialist nurse to help support the individual. During this recruitment process we would possibly invite someone with nursing experience to sit on the interviewing panel to help with the interview.1.3 Analyse how serious case reviews and inquires have contributed to the disposal of polices and procedures within recruitment which safeguard vulnerable adults, children and young people. The ISA has been set up in light of the Soham murders of 2002 and the subsequent Bichard Inquiry which declared the need for the registration of all individuals working with children or vulnerable adults. This was introduced because an individual who was banned from working with children in Scotland was then cleared to work with them in England. That same individual went onto to murder ii school children, had this been in place at the time he would have been unable to get the job at the school which the children were from.4.1 Evaluate the recruitment process and selection methods and criteria used in your own setting. As the manager of Auckland House I feel our recruitment process works well for our service ensuring we have the most suitable candidate for the job. Initially we advertise online as we have tried advertising in the local shops but this has been unsuccessful. We then work through with(predicate) the possible candidates C.Vs taking into consideration their experiences and qualifications. This enables us to interview potential candidates who we feel could bring their skills and expertise to the team. When possible I encourage services users and higher-ranking staff members to become involved as their opinions are important and also gives them empowerment. We have standard questions we ask the candidates and evaluate their responses, when necessary we arrange for a help interview. We also take in consideration the needs of our service users.4.2 Recommend chan ges for improvement to recruitment and selection processes in own setting. As the manager of Auckland house I feel a higher basic rate of pay would help encourage more experienced and skilled candidate to apply for a position within our company. The current rate of pay is only justabove the minimum wage with can deter potential staff from applying for the job. for the most part I am reluctant to advertise the pay in the initial advert as I have found in the past this reduces the amount of interest. If we were more competitively paid I believe we would have more experienced and qualified staff within our team.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 4

November 5, 1864It feels like so long ago, but in reality olive-sized time has passed since my trans carcassation, since my draw killed me. It was barely a month past that Damon and I tried to save Katherines life, and her blood saved ours. Barely a month since I was a living, warm-blooded human, who sustained himself on meals of meat and vegetables, cheese and wine and who slept in a feather bed, with clean linen sheets.Yet it feels like a lifetime, and by some definitions, I suppose it is.But barely as quickly as my fortunes turned subsequently New Orleans, leaving me to live as a vagrant in a rocky hollow in the park, here I am at a proper desk under a leaded window, a thick rug at my feet. How quickly I am slipping sticker into human waysThe Sutherlands seem like a kind family. I picture tempestuous Bridget and her long-suffering older sister as mirror versions of Damon and myself. I n ever appreciated how harmless Damons and my fathers fights were brook when they were ju st about horses and girls. I was always terrified champion of them would say or do something that would end forever what semblance of a family we had left field.Now that my father is jobless and my brother and I are . . . what we are, I realize how much more than serious things can get, and how simple and easy life was earlier.I shouldnt even deposit here, even to iniquity. I should sneak out the window and flee to my place of exile. Being enfolded in the warm, living embrace of the Sutherland family for any amount of time, no effect how short, is dangerous and deceptive. It makes me feel like I could almost belong to the world of humans again. They dont realize they exact wel condescendd a predator into their midst. All that would motif to expire is for me to lose control one time, to slip from my live right nowadays and take my fill of i of them, and their lives would be filled with tragedy just as tap became when Katherine arrived on our doorstep.Family has always been the most important thing to me, and I would be lying if I didnt admit how comforting it is to be among people who honey one another, if only for one borrowed night. . . .For the first time since Id left New Orleans, I rose with the sun, intent to slip out of the mansion and disappear into the morning mists before anyone came to wake me. But it was hard to resist the pull of crisp linen sheets, the soft mattress, the shelves of books, and the painted ceiling of my room.After admiring the fresco of winged cherubs above me, I pushed off the soft covers and forced myself out of bed. Every muscle in my body rippled under my pale skin, full of strength and Power, but all(prenominal) bone in my rib cage showed. The Sutherlands had taken my clothes to be washed but hadnt given me a nightshirt. I enjoyed the feeling of morning cheerfulness on my flesh, the glowing warmth fighting with the chill in the room. Though Id never forgive Katherine for turning me into a monster, I was gratef ul at least(prenominal) for her lapis lazuli ring that protected me from the suns otherwise fatal rays.The window was open the slightest bit, ushering a cool breeze into the room and setting the diaphanous curtains aflutter. Though temperature no longer affected me, I closed the window, locking the latch with some puzzlement. I could have sworn all the windows had been shut tight last night. out front I had time to further consider the issuance, the tell-tale thump of a heartbeat sounded close by, and after a light knock, the door cracked open. Lydia stuck her head in, indeed immediately blushed and looked away from my tight naked form.Father was panic-struck you might try to leave without saying good-bye. I was sent to make sure you didnt see a maid into helping you.Im hardly in a state to sneak away, I said, covering my chest with my arms. I will need my puff to do that.Henry will be up shortly with your trousers, freshly pressed, she said, keeping her eyes on the ground. In the meantime, thither is a bathing room just down the hall to the right. Please feel free to refresh yourself, and then come down to breakfast.I nodded, feeling trapped.And, Stefan. Lydia looked up briefly and met my eye. I do hope youll be able to locate a shirt as well. thus she smiled and slipped away.When I finally came downstairs for breakfast, the entire Sutherland clan was hold for me even Bridget, who was alive and stuffing toast into her salute like she hadnt eaten in a fortnight. Except for a slight paleness to her complexion, it was impossible to tell that shed nearly died the night before.Everyone turned and gasped as I approached. Apparently, I cut a different figure from the hero in shirtsleeves the night before. With freshly polished bonny Italian shoes, neat pants, a new clean shirt, and a borrowed jacket Winfield had sent up for me, I was every inch the gentleman. Id even washed my face and combed my hair back.Cook made you some grits, if you like, Mrs. Suth erland said, indicating a bowl of gloppy white stuff. We dont usually indulge, but thought our Southern guest might.Thank you, maam, I said, taking the empty seat next to Bridget and eyeing the spread on the large wooden table. After my mother passed away, Damon, my father, and I made it a habit to eat casually with the men who we employed on the plantation. Breakfast was often the simple stuff of workers, hominy and biscuits, bread and syrup, rashers of bacon. What was laid out at the Winfield residence put to dishonour the finest restaurants in Virginia. English-style toast in delicate wire holders, five different types of jam, two kinds of bacon, johnnycakes, syrup, even freshly squeezed orange juice. The delicate plates had blue Dutch patterns, and there was more silverware than I was accustomed to seeing at a formal dinner.Wishing I lock had a human appetite and ignoring the fire in my veins that thirsted for blood I pretended to dig in.Much obliged, I said.So this is my l ittle sisters savior, said the one woman in the room I didnt know. conquer me to introduce the eldest of my daughters, Winfield said. This is Margaret. First married. And first with grandchildren, were hoping.Papa, Margaret admonished, before turning her attention back to me. Pleased to meet you. Where Bridget was full of life and the plumpness of youth and Lydia was the elegant, gracious one, Margaret had something of a practical and inquisitive good sense, an earthiness that showed in questioning blue eyes. Her hair was black and inclined to straightness.We were just discussing what prompted my childs rash actions, Winfield said, bringing the conversation back to the previous night.I dont know wherefore I ran off, Bridget pouted, drawing deeply from a cup of orange juice. The older sisters gave each other looks, but their father leaned closer, worry lines marring his forehead. I just felt that I absolutely had to leave. So I did.It was foolish and dangerous, her mother reprimand ed, shaking her napkin. You could have diedI am sunny to see you are doing so well today, I said politely. Bridget grinned, displaying teeth that had little bits of orange pulp stuck in them.Yes. About that. Margaret spoke up, tapping her egg spoonful on the side of her plate. You say you found her covered in blood in the park?Yes, maam, I answered warily, taking the smallest subdivision of bacon on my plate. This sister sounded more astute than the others and wasnt afraid to ask uncomfortable questions.There was a lot of blood, and Bridgets dress was torn. Margaret pressed, Did you find it odd that there was no actual wound?Uh, I stammered. My mind raced. What could I say? The blood was someone elses?I thought there was a knife wound last night, Mrs. Sutherland said, pursing her lips and thinking. But it was just clogged blood, and wiping it down absolved it away.Margaret pierced me with her eyes.Maybe she was afflicted with a nosebleed . . . ? I mumbled lamely.So youre saying that you didnt see any attacker when you came upon my sister? Margaret asked.Oh, Meggie, you and your interrogations, Winfield said. Its a miracle that Bridge is all right. Thank goodness Stefan here found her when he did.Yes. Of course. Thank goodness, Margaret said. And what were you doing in the park last night by yourself? she continued smoothly.Walking, I said, same as I had answered her father the night before.In the bright light of morning, it struck me as odd that Winfield had asked me nothing more than my name and why Id been in the park. In times like these, and after his daughter had just suffered a great blow, it was hardly standard to accept a stranger into ones home. Then again, my father had offered refuge to Katherine when shed arrived in Mystic Falls, playing the part of an orphan.A nagging piece of me wondered if our story could have ended differently, if the entire Salvatore brood would still be alive, if only wed pressed Katherine for answers about her past, rath er than tiptoeing around the tragedy shed cl assumeed had taken her parents lives. Of course, Katherine had Damon and me so deeply in her thrall, perhaps it would have made no difference.Margaret leaned forward, not politely giving up the way Winfield had the night before. Youre not from around here, I take it? Im from Virginia, I answered as she opened her mouth to form the next, obvious question. In a strange way, it made me feel better to offer this family something real. Besides, soon enough I would be out of this house, out of their lives, and it wouldnt matter what they knew about me.Whereabouts? she pressed.Mystic Falls.Ive never heard of it.Its fairly small. Just one main street and some plantations.There was some shuffling movement under the table, and I could only assume that either Bridget or Lydia was trying to give Margaret a good kick. If the blow was successful, Margaret gave no sign.Are you an educated man? she continued.No, maam. I planned to study at the University of Virginia. The war put a stop to that.War is good for no one, Winfield said as he stabbed a piece of bacon with his fork.The war put a stop to much casual travel back and forth between the states, Margaret added.Whats that to do with anything? Bridget demanded.Your sister is suggesting that its an odd time for me to come north, I explained. But my father recently died. . . .From the war? Bridget demanded breathlessly. Lydia and Mrs. Sutherland glared at her.Indirectly, I answered. A war had claimed my fathers life, a war against vampires against me. My town . . . it burned, and there was nothing left for me anymore.So you came north, Lydia said.To try your pass on at business, maybe? Winfield suggested hopefully.Here was a man with three daughters, three beautiful daughters, but no sons. No one to share cigars and brandy with, no one to push and encourage and compete with in the world of business. I was both worried and amused by the gleam in his eye when he looked at me. Surel y there were families with sons in Manhattan who would make for more auspicious marital alliances.Whatever I can do, I aim to make my way in the world on my own, I replied, taking a sip of coffee. I would have to, without Lexi or Katherine to guide me. And if I ever saw Damon again, the only thing he would guide me toward was a newly sharpened stake.Where are you living? Margaret continued. Do you have family here?I cleared my throat, but before I had to tell my first real lie, Bridget groaned.Meggie, Im bored of this interrogationA hint of a smile bloomed on Lydias lips, and she quickly hid it easy her napkin. What would you prefer to talk about?Yourself? Margaret said with an arched brow.Yes, actually Bridget said, looking around the table. Her eyes glowed as green as Callies, but with her petulance on full display, she no longer reminded me of my lost love. I still dont know why I ran out on the party.Margaret rolled her eyes. Lydia shook her head.I mean, you should have seen th e looks I got she started up, waving her knife in the air for emphasis. Floras dress was the worst, especially considering shes a newly married woman. And my new sash oh no, was it ruined last night? I would hate to have it ruined Mama Was it on me when Stefan brought me home? We have to go back to the park and look for itHow about we go back to the park and look for the person who tried to kill you, Margaret suggested.Weve already had a discussion with Inspector Warren about it. He promises a thorough investigation, Mrs. Sutherland said. But, Bridget, you must(prenominal) promise not to run off from the Chesters ball this evening or I will be forced to stand watch over you in your bedroom.Bridget crossed her arms over her chest with a huff.And neither shall you run off, Mrs. Sutherland said more pointedly to Lydia. The middle sister blushed.Lydia has fallen in love with an Italian count, Bridget confided, her pout evaporating as she indulged in gossip. We all hope he asks her han d in marriage wouldnt that be splendid? Then wed all be like royalty, sort of, and not just rich merchants. Imagine, Lydia a countessWinfield laughed nervously. Bridget . . .Bridget fluttered her thick eyelashes. Its so wonderful that Lydia has a suitor, much less a count. After Meggie was wed, I was afraid Mother and Papa would become traditional and not let me marry until Lydia did and who knew how long that was going to take.Lydia is . . . particular, Mrs. Sutherland said.Oh really, Mama, Bridget rolled her eyes. As if anyone even had an interest before. And now she has a count. Its really . . . its really not fair, you know, if you think about it . . . if I had a proper coming out . . .I shifted in my seat, at once embarrassed for everyone, and yet glad to be involved in something as ordinary as a family squabble. This was the first time Id been among company since leaving Lexi in New Orleans.So many handsome, strange men in our lives these days, Margaret said, somewhere betwee n whimsy and warning. What an odd coincidence, Mr. Salvatore. Perhaps I neednt make the grand tour, after all.Hush now, Margaret, Winfield said.And actually I have no one to go to the Chesters with anyhow, Mama, Bridget was continuing, actually growing red in the face as if she was trying sort of hard to cry. She looked at me sidelong the entire time. I am sure Milash wont escort me after last night. . . . I am in dire need of rescue. . . .Bridget widened her green eyes at her father. Winfield frowned and stroked his muttonchops thoughtfully. In that moment, Bridget seemed as powerful as a vampire, able to compel her father to her every wish. Margaret put a hand to her head as if it ached.Mr. Salvatore will take you, Winfield said, gesturing at me with a fork full of biscuit. Hes rescued you once Im sure hes a gentleman who wouldnt leave you in distress again.All eyes were turned on me. Bridget perked up, smiling at me like a kitten just offered a bowl of cream.I balked.Im afraid I havent the proper attire . . . I began.Oh, that is solved easily enough, Mrs. Sutherland said with a knowing smile.Once again, Lydia murmured, too low for anyone else to hear, we are holding ugly Mr. Salvatore at our mercy. With pants.

The ocean at the end of the lane

There are several guinea pigs in the novel The Ocean at the End of the Lane. The characters in the intensity The Ocean at the End of the Lane are Little Hempstead and an UN-named shoplifter. The UN-named protagonist is a seven years grey boy and is the character that tells the apologue, on a first person point of view. I was seven years old, no longer a little child, but I was wetting myself with fear, kindred a baby, and there was nothing I could do about it, while Ursula Monotone hung in the air above me and watched, dispassionately (Caiman 75).The second briny character is Little Hempstead she is a twelve ears old girl and is the one who invited The UN-named protagonist to this magical world. For instance she is the one who brought the protagonist to the Hempstead farm and that is where he got the magic worm stuck to his feet. One can see how the principal characters of this novel are the UN-named protagonist and Little. Throughout Neil Gasmans book there has been a few se ttings revealed. Two settings that are in the novel are Sussex, England and the Hempstead Farm. One of the settings is Ileitiss farm because almost the entire volume takes place there.For instance it is where the climax occurred and where most of the symbolic events happened. The main setting is Sussex, England that is where the story takes place. l drove along winding Sussex country roads I only half remembered (Caiman 13). In this quote the character is forty-three years old and is going back to his homeland because the entire story is technic aloney a flashback. To conclude one can see how the main settings are Sussex and the Hempstead Farm. Many cistron of figurative language have been demonstrated to the readers in this novel. Figurative examples in the story are personification and metaphor.Personification was used in the book because when Little and the protagonist were against the supernatural they gave human characteristics to the weather. The ground hit my stomach, and th e wind knocked out of me(Caiman 125). Many metaphors where used throughout the book mostly when Little and the protagonist were fighting with Ursula. She was the storm, she was the sacking she was the adult world with all it power and all its secrets (Caiman 76). Conclusively the readers can see how some element f figurative language in the book are metaphors and personification.The book has had many symbols presented to us. Symbols proven to the readers during the book were the pond and the Hempstead Farm. The Hempstead farm is one of the symbols because it represents the magical world and how this entire book revolves around it. For instance Ursula Monotone, she is the main conflict in the novel and she was originally being held in the Hempstead farm. Until the protagonist came and she was able to get inside him. Finally the main symbol is the pond, the pond is what permits yoke to stay alive as she sacrificed herself for the protagonist the pond gave her power to relive.Little says the pond is really an ocean and the protagonist understands why because at the end it is revealed that the lake is an ocean of all the knowledge in the world and represents knowledge and can do everything. And it wasnt a pond. It was an ocean. Little Hemlocks ocean (Caiman 17). L knew that when was in the ocean, and knew everything. I understood it all (Caiman 1 16). To finalize the audience can see how two significant symbols of this novel are the pond and the Hempstead Farm.

Psychology for Law Enforcement Essay

1. Describe the standard policy regarding confidentiality for a police force psychologist. Be sure to address handling records, creation a counselor versus evaluator, and your role during critical incident debrief.Different legal foundations have set standards regarding the standard of confidentiality for either police psychologist. Psychological overhauls for the police have considerably vainglorious providing a number of clinical and occupational functions. They include operational support services, training, research and counseling services. However, handling confidentiality matters have grown recently and an evaluation between counseling roles and evaluation abilities. By and large, the police psychologist is an evaluator and therefore at liberty in making independent and bring together assessments. He/should should prove high levels of confidentiality in records concerning work fittingness. This is to imply that a police psychologist should be professionally sound in matt ers of handling records. Any divine revelation of the records pertaining physical fitness can only be done during times of necessity.The evaluation dish out should avoid discrimination or unfair justice to the assessed. worry an evaluator, he should posit high morals concerning fair assessment of the fitness to work by the police police officers. This is presumed crucial because the assessment regarding work fitness is what shows whether an officer can perform or not. They should maintain highest caution in protecting the confidential data that is stored in sundry(a) media forms and the regulation for such disclosures should be in spite of appearance the limits of the law.Above been record keepers, police psychologists should obtain becoming permission before recording any images or voices from individuals with whom they atomic number 18 giving services. The confidential information that is obtained from the pile is only useful for professional or scientific purposes alli ed to the concerned persons. Police psychologists be also counselors. They should offer counseling services to client who has various social problems such as family matters, unfitness for work and other issues. Like a counselor however, he is supposed to regard confidentiality in all matters beneath concern for a particular person under the counseling service.Conceptually, a police psychologist should have the professionalism for addressing critical incident debriefing. This should involve encounters that relate to urgent matters. In the debriefing procedure, he should be professionally tactful to avoid arousing discomfort, instability of the mind, stress, shock and social inadequacies to the person he is offering the service. Critical incidence debriefing should therefore be structured in a manner that is comfortable to the client and which should not destabilize the enunciate of the clients mental stability.2. What elements in an assessment are required to ensure reliability in a pre-employment screening? How do these factors predict performance?Evaluations by psychologists for pre-employment test for physical fitness have grown to be subject of extreme importance. This has been a concern that arises from police violations and misconduct from the civil rights. The pre-employment evaluations have been described as a dent for evaluating a police physical fitness in his/her duty. However, this growing demand for pre-employment and comprehensive psychological evaluation has stood in conflict with values about hinderance and privacy accommodating issues. Pre-employment evaluation has been argued as a cornerstone factor towards guiding the safety of the public. This is because only officers who are physically fit for the profession are the one offered with employment at the expense of those who show no substantial qualifications into their physical fitness.Physical fitness for the police officers is a growing requirement from state of the modern police depa rtments which are allied to various law and order provision that does not hesitate physically fit and able professionals. Elsewhere, since the selection, hiring and training process of the police officers is a highly costing exercise, it would rationally be uneconomical to incorporate officers who have no substantial qualification in to the profession. When these officers have straightforward personal crisis that come along their way such as family and marital problems, depression and stress, divorce, memory lapses and accidents, their physical insufficiencies may have negative influences in their functionalities. They are paused with various risks and stress factors that often keep them astray from their work.Officers physical fitness remains a mandatory factor in their service delivery. However, impaired officers have showed higher chances of identification while at demanding situations, have high probabilities of removal from their working positions and have more referrals for t reatments. However, this evaluation should not collapse the individuals psychological requirement and perhaps violating their privacy. Therefore, some physical complications should be addressed in specific organizational development and management techniques. heterogeneous police agencies use contract and in-house services in conducting this fitness evaluation. In the process, they involve in psychology counseling in evaluating possible psychological brand that may be held by the evaluation. It is therefore of great substance for evaluation of physical fitness in response to fitness for work.3. Ethical issues in fitness for duty evaluation.The psychological test for fitness of work in the police department is a compliment of various ethical issues. At one level, every information whether collected through tapes or images should be done at the request of the individual in service. No forced sourcing of information for record purposes should be from forced attribute of the individu al in the evaluation. Either, every information obtained from the evaluation process should be used solely for research work in an adequate area of concern or coined towards an issue related to the police professionalism. The collected information should not be for personal use by the evaluator. Either, it demands professionalism that personal information retrieved in the evaluation process of fitness for duty should be treated with a lot of confidentiality. No personal information should be retrieved, disclosed or magnified for any public use unless for the interest of the sake of professional good which includes the individual him/herself. (http//www.danielrybicki.com/wfstud3b.htm)Inquiry for the evaluation should be guided by innate limitations of the requirement of the disclosures of the confidential information. The counselor/investigator should not be inquisitive of confidential information which is of no substance to the profession. The psychologist should ensure the most mi nimal levels of infringement into privacy as possible. Oral and written reports should only include the information that is relative for the need for which the inquiry was constituted. In any external consultation with his/her colleagues the psychologist should ensure that the no disclosure of confidential information with which it can easily lead to client disclosure unless with a prior authority of this client.The psychologist should take all the mediocre steps in minimizing and correcting misrepresentation or misuse of the professionalism. He/she should avoid any unfair discrimination that comes up against the respondents. He should not act in a manner of denying the respondent possible chance of promotion to the SWAT team. His/her mode of conduct of the evaluation should not have conflicted with the law and regulations. His evaluation process should be guided by the requirements of law and professionalism.4. Lopezs process of counseling bears various ethical concerns. It shoul d concur with the provision of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. At one level, homosexualism should be understood as a social matter and not surgical. It is a situation which affects the social and psychological attitudes of Lopez. The feeling of homosexuality may mean aspects of depression and tress which is complimentary psychological attributes associated which her sexual situation. Generally, this psychological depression may be a factor towards the rationale for been physically unfit for the work.However since homosexuality is among the many senses of disability, the provisions of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission would require that she still continue in her capacity. One important factor/attribute that she should embrace is personal acceptance of her situation. Since this is not a surgical problem but social issue, unfitness for job would only come about due to the levels of depression and low self-esteem which comes as a result of low self evaluation. Perso nal acceptance would give her strength and therefore recreate her fitness for work.

Outline and Discuss the Major Roles and Functions of the Guidane Counsellor

Within our Jamai chiffonier tames the steerage rede create by mental acts atomic number 18 designed to implement core principles as stated by the Jamaican sh aloneow curriculum. steering p baksheeshers ar the ones who play the role of solventively analyzing and implementing these syllabuss which moderate that all students ar well prep atomic number 18d to worry these exciting times every student ask support and centering. This is imperative as they embark upon the academic, social, phantasmal and stupefymental challenges of adolescence a time of rapid growth and change.Our charge and direction programmes offer students the probability to develop these characteristics necessary to become successful adults in a fast changing world. The primary goal of charge and advocate and charge advocators is to guide and support general student victimization and well-being in trey broad beas of student life while keeping in estimate the central tasks of adolescence such as acquiring and assimilating self-knowledge, developing future goals and purposefulness, building strategies to accomplish goals, developing decision- make skills, coping with outcomes of decisions and exploring social relationships.The counsel counsellor is charged with the responsibility of being the one who facilitates plus change in the lives of those in their shell out especially in the three broad beas. These take on Personal/Social Goals which entails dish uping students acquire the swal low-pitched up personal and communication skills to increase their considering and respect of self and some otherwises. Academic Goals, which financial aids students develop a immense range of academic skills and become effective agents of their skill, Post Secondary-College Planning Goals achieved through information sessions and by making resources available to research and apply to college, students are able to broadcast and make decisions about their future. John is a fifteen year old student who has recently returned to Jamaica to live with his father. John had left Jamaica at an archeozoic age to live with his mother in the Cayman Island. She is now incarcerated in the Cayman Island and so he now has to live with his father.John is having serious problems in work and at home. He has been getting very low grades in class and is fewtimes very disrespectful to his teachers especially his female teachers. John also finds it unstated to adjust and to make new friends he resents the woman with whom his father now lives and is now hiding from trail and hanging out at the video arcade. Johns teachers and his father shake up made arrangements for him to wee-wee weekly sessions with the schools Guidance Counsellor. The roles of a Guidance Counsellor in any Jamaican school substitute.Johns case is just one example of the wide spectrum of psychosocial problems survived by umteen Jamaica students who are in need of guidance and support. The role o f a counselor in Johns case is springy to his adjustment to his new situation and with him needing with the pain of his past experiences. Whatever his counsellor does is critical in his survival from his maladjustments. Myric (2003) defines the term role as an elusive one. It generally refers to the part that one plays in a given situation. He hike up gives the definition of function as the way in which a sea captain carries out his/her part.Function gives attention to various behaviours that might be performed in the role. Guidance and commission is therefore a necessity in all Jamaican schools. The needs of students especially those at the adolescent stage are overwhelming. As postulated by Ma cordiale (1993) persons at the adolescence stage in life need guidance as they want to clarify their goals and values, strengthen their interests and aspirations, appreciate their philosophies and cognition and adjust to the norms of society. Some major roles and functions of the guida nce counsellors according to Gibson et al. 1999) are to stomach singular hash out, theme counselling, work with parents, and consult with teachers and administrators. Guidance counsellors should also conduct classroom guidance instructions and assessment activity and coordinate with fellowship agencies. The Ministry of Education (2009) outlines the major components that comprise roles and functions as preventative, interventive, confirmative administrative and pro professed(prenominal) education. In order to help Jamaican students make the transition from childishness to adulthood, the guidance counsellors role is integral in this quest towards the holistic development of these students.How significant are these roles and functions in the development of our children, our future? This essay seeks to outline the major roles and functions of a guidance counsellor in our Jamaica school setting and also to examine some of the factors which negatively impact the guidance counsel lor in his or her quest towards fulfilling these roles. As a guidance counsellor the implementation of all the components accommodate towards the holistic development of students must(prenominal) be considered and implemented. These should be current and emphasis should be placed on classroom guidance as well as group and individual counselling.Ministry of Education (2009) coined preventive measures as proactive initiatives implemented to deter the onset of individual and group problems. These measures and strategies give provide students and others the opportunities to learn skills of contravention resolution and reduction. Guidance Counsellors are able to assist in the planning, implementing and coordinating of orientation designed to help students adjust to new experiences inside the school community. The preventative components also help guidance counsellors to promote lead development of peer counsellors and encourage participation in community service programmes.These p rogrammes also furnish principals and other stakeholders with relevant information concerning students in the various stages of development. As students progress through the divers(prenominal) levels of academic life, they are faced with tremendous problems of deciding and selecting their subjects, courses and career choice. This challenge can be alleviated through the professional guidance of the guidance counsellor. The counsellor will assist the students to make rational decisions toward their life goals. finished career development programmes the Guidance counsellors help provide placement services and work experience for the students. Through this kind of programme the counsellor is able to help the students to make the transition from one school level to another or from school to employment, in this way students are better prepared and equipped with skills necessary for the world of work. The guidance counsellor also assists students who although they have been exposed to the options and guidance in a group setting, have not made up their minds as to which area they would like to pursue.These students are usually assisted on an individual basis. another(prenominal) major role and function of the guidance counsellor includes individual counselling of students. Gibson (1999) defines individual counselling as one-to-one relationship involving a trained counsellor that localisees on some aspects of the clients adjustment, development, or decision making. This operation can therefore help a counsellor develop a close personal relationship and communication base with the student. As such the guidance counsellor in the school can help tudents to develop understanding of self as it relates to their social and psychological world. Students can also be assisted in exploring possibilities relating to their lives and also understanding how to initiate change in their lives. Through individual counselling students will gain a better sense of confidence in the coun sellor and will no doubt be more than comfortable in discussing and dealing with issues readed. With individual counselling the opportunity is there for them to speak freely without the fear that may exist in a group setting.For a student such as John an individual session will help him to deal with underlying issues which have created his bitterness and anger. He would be better able to cope with all the changes with which he is faced. Such an individual counselling session would allow him the framework on which to maximize his true authority and understand his world in order to impact positive change. Saginak (2003) provides additional insights into how effective counsellors can help identify students of multiple intelligences.This finding can help a counsellor care for the different needs of students. For example, the drug abuse of journal writing, art, music and poetry has been advocated for many years as effective ways with counselling students. Individual counselling is b asically a continuous process as the counsellor seeks to build a relationship with each student he or she comes in contact with. Individual counselling by a guidance counsellor is sometimes the only means of providing some kind of hope for some children. Hence, the counsellor should ensure that a harmonious relationship is built.Although some students are confident to go to a counsellors office after being referred by their teacher, parents or peer, some may be reluctant as such, group sessions will help to cater to the needs of these students. The importance of group counselling (small group, large group) and guidance in schools cannot be overemphasized. According to Johnson (2000), group counselling involves two or more individuals in face-to-face interactions, each aware of positive interdependence as they strive to achieve vulgar goal.Myrick (2003) adds value to what Johnson (2000) said that group counselling in school is a unique educational experience in which students can wo rk together to explore their intellects, attitudes, feelings and behavior especially as it relates to personal development and progress in school. For some students this might be the only intervention experience in learning about themselves, others, life task and how to deal with certain confidential issues. It is clear that group counselling helps students to piece of g exposit common interest and concerns.Students like to know that other students are having similar experiences as they are having. Groups are valuable as students are better able to support each other as they debate together. As such, students are better able to relate to each other in their social contexts. do the opportunity for students for students to learn and live with each other as a team. Gladding (2009), states that students participating in a group develop social relationships and emotional bonds and often become enlightened.Research has also shown Flemming (1999) that group counselling is more effectiv e than individual counselling to address the need of students, especially at risk students. He further asserts that this contention is supported through research into violent youths, which suggests that peer group interventions are effective in redirecting peer values, confronting antisocial behavior, teaching problem-solving skills and encouraging pro-social behavior. Dollarhide et al (2003) opines that students in group counselling allow counsellors to magnify their awareness of student client.What better way to see how students react in their systems than to witness it first-hand. In aggregate group counselling in Jamaican schools provide both students and guidance counsellors with a more wide knowledge of what students are faced with on a daily basis, issues can be dealt with and students continue to focus on their goals. As in Johns case, he may not be responsive in a group setting as well as he might be timid or embarrassed to tell his story. Although group counselling can be beneficiary to many students, it has its down side.The nature of group settings can at times bring out complex and sensible issues which might require counsellors to speak to teachers and parents to better aid students in this process, hence the need for reference point. Saginak (2003),defines consultation as a three part helping relationship characterized by confidentiality, mutual respect and collegiality, focused on helping the consulted function more in effect with the client. Saginak further states that consultation provides a systematic intervention allowing counsellors to authorise into students context and mobilize other persons in the students support network.In the consultation process the Guidance Counsellor can maximize the opportunity to educate the teachers, parents and community on the developmental issues that students are faced with this level of consultation is vital in Jamaican schools as it provides stakeholders with the assurance in dealing with the issue s which may arise with their children. Parents are better able maximize on their roles as caregivers and confidants. This is as a result of the access to cooperative relationship with their childs Guidance Counsellor.This enables them to better understand their childs behavior, attitude, relationship and other concerns. In addition, it provides the opportunity for counsellors to consult with parents who are not actively participating in their childs education. In a case like Johns which is similar to many children in Jamaica, the guidance Counsellor would not only help him to deal with his present problems but also to develop skills that would allow him to be able to cope with other challenging situations which will inevitably occur throughout his lifetime.His parents would also be enlightened as to how their actions influence his state of mind and behaviour and the steps they can take to help him to live a better life. Parents would also have a closer hand on what exactly is going on in the life of their children and would happen information as to whether or not their child need further help to cope with different situations. Consultation also helps teachers and administrators in dealing with students who are exhibit anti-social or dysfunctional behaviour.It provides the teacher the opportunity to learn the skills necessary to deal with these children who are problematic. Teachers would understand the adjustments of the curriculum and instructions needed to effect positive change. In his or her role in the Jamaican school system the guidance counsellors also provide consultation to the members of the school community this is deemed necessary as the community is usually the nurturing ground for the members of the school. This in effect filters down to benefiting the student and the entire community.This also fosters a better and more effective communication process between the school and the community. Although not an official role, the guidance counsellor in the Jamaican schools, through community involvement, are often times called upon to lobby for sponsors for different projects these are usually projects undertaken by the counselling division or administration for the funding of different project geared towards students development. As stated by take to the woods Cindy Nemard guidance counsellor at Quest Preparatory, many students benefit from these programmes specially in the public schools where school feeding programmes, school fee payment, sport scholarships, examination fees, uniform to books and other programmes benefit the children based on the collaboration effort of the guidance counsellors and the community members. Miss Nemard further states that this allows the community members through their support of the school a sense of being a part of the school development and progress. They also get to percentage their opinion on their hopes and plans for the school and in turn the students.In addition the counsellor gains ea sier access to engaging families in counselling the process and if necessary collecting information to assist the police, judge or social worker. The overall benefit from community consultation is immeasurable. She further states that when the stakeholders are involved in the childrens development the school environment is more shaped within the community. To maximize on this the guidance counsellor must have a good programme which will be beneficial towards the total development of the students.Without a plan we have very little hope of achieving the full potential of our dreams and aspirations, similar is the case with a guidance counsellor in achieving his or her objectives. He or she must have a clear idea of the needs of the students and the objectives must be in line with such. The role of the guidance counsellor in this lawsuit is one of being administrator as he or she must not only nail down on the objectives but plan careful and effective programme to achieve these goals . These goals must be in line with the Ministry of Educations guidelines and at the same time cater for the needs of the stakeholders.These programmes must be infused with the schools curriculum. The counsellor has to maintain records of the process and progress of the guidance programme and all the activities involved, these include career day, orientation of new students, staff and student development seminars, curriculum lessons and consultation time. Myrick (2003) says that a guidance counsellor is like the co-pilot on a plane, responsible for his or her own programme. The question therefore arises what are the specific ways in which a guidance Counsellor leads?The guidance counsellor at all times has to be involved in planning, coordinating, organizing, assessing and evaluating. The counsellor has to be reliable, impartial and accountable. The guidance counsellor has to be supportive of all stakeholders. Ministry of Education (2010) views supportive as those management activiti es that establish, maintain and enhance the total guidance and counselling programmes. A full assessment of programmes activities in schools helps the counsellors to plan for future programmes and evaluate to what extent the programme are working or their effectiveness.Ongoing assessment needs to be done for the students to ensure readiness for ongoing learning. As guidance counsellors are seen as helpers who understand and respond to human needs however, he or she must be cognisant of his or her needs as well. With the approval of the Ministry of Education and the school boards counsellors must engage in personal and professional development. According to the Ministry of Education the guidance counsellor must construe conferences, workshops, and meeting.These include those at the Jamaica Association of Guidance Counsellors in Education (JAGCE), the Guidance hash out Unit and other organizations not exceeding fifteen sessions per year. As the guidance counsellors acquire these ski lls and knowledge he or she must demonstrate knowledge of the law and policies as it relates to education, guidance and counselling, children and adolescent. The counsellor must also abide by the Education act (1980) and the Code of National Ethics of the Jamaica Association of JAGCE Ministry (2009).Being a proactive, knowledgeable individual, a guidance counsellor has to keep up to date with the required skills and knowledge in order to be a competent and effective counsellor. Although the guidance counsellors are reaping some success in schools, they are faced with exist challenges which affects the effective performance of their daily tasks. Myrick (2003) debates that the individual counselling is becoming a luxury in schools. It cannot be provided for everyone. He further states that some students need this more than others be obtain of the nature of their concerns and their inability to work with groups.In essence, counsellors face limitations to effectively cater to every st udent. Counsellors do not have enough time to see all. Guidance counsellors are also seen as coordinators of many activities and programmes within the school setting. They are responsible for a number of administrative work involving students, teachers, parents and all the stakeholders involved. This role in itself impedes the speed and progress of other important roles. It may lead to an overworked counsellor and an unbalanced counselling programme.Myrick (2003), points out that the coordinating functions of can be a millstone round a counsellors neck, or it can lead to some productive outcomes in guidance. Counsellors are seen as teachers with flexible time and so at times there is disregard for the structured plans and wont of a guidance counsellor as he or she is often called up onto fill in as a substitute teacher in the absence of a regular class teacher. Another problem that counsellors face is that of the increase in the violence in the society which is then mirrored in the Jamaican schools. Counsellors are limited to their jobs as it is often difficult for them to gain access to the root cause of the problems involving violence in the schools.Students who are exposed to violence in their communities may begin to adapt to this kind of life experience and sometimes may even accept violence as the norm. Although the guidance counsellors use their initiatives to encourage students in situations like these at times their efforts seem to go unnoticed The limitations and challenges also happen to the lack of or insufficient resources in schools. For the counselling process to be effective the counsellor should be provided with certain basic essentials such as a comfortable counselling area in which to practice.Counsellors are sometimes hesitant to pursue difficult cases involving students especially as it relates to criminal offences. Counsellors are often apprehensive of the repercussions which may arise when reports are made against persons who commit c rimes against children. With the inadequacy of our legal system, counsellors sometimes have to think of the safety and well being of themselves and their families. The roles and functions of a guidance counsellor are many and varied and sometimes extend to areas undefined however as a guidance counsellor one must ensure that his or her role is carried out comprehensively and effectively.All the roles mentioned are specific to all counsellors but may vary depending on the type of school. The finding in this research outlines and gives definite answers relating to some roles and functions of the guidance counsellor within the Jamaican schools. The roles identified include providing education counselling, career counselling, consultation, classroom instruction, individual and group counselling. It can be concluded that the role of the guidance counsellor is important for the continued development of the students in our school and in effect the continued development of our Jamaican soci ety.Reference Gladding,T. (2009). A comprehensive Profession. New Jersey Gibson, L. (1999). Introduction to Counselling and Guidance. United States of the States Prentice Hall Inc. Mankind, O (1993). Fundamentals of Guidance and Counselling London Oxford macintosh Millan Education Myrick, D (2003). Development Guidance and Counselling A Practical Approach. 4th Edition. United States of America Education Media Corporation. Ministry of Education Guidance Counselling Unit

Antigone: Beliefs, Opinions, and Moral Views Essay

Antigone and Creon, from Antigone by Sophocles, encounter a philosophical war base on their moral views. A encounter arose when the principles that backed up their bodily functions disagreed with each other. Antigones side of the conflict held a gods law is the way approach, as opposed to the I am king approach Creon chose to follow. The var. in the beliefs, opinions, and moral views of Antigone and Creon were constantly disputed through out the play.Antigone mat that Creon was disregarding the laws of gods through his law. by and by she was captured and brought to Creon, she told him, Your edict, King was strong, besides all your strength is weakness itself against the immortal unrecorded laws of God. They are not notwithstanding now they were, and shall be, operative for ever, beyond while utterly. Antigones opinion is one that supports the Gods and the laws of heaven. Her view is set by her belief that if someone is not given a neat burial, then that person would not be accepted into heaven. Antigone was a very ghostlike person, and acceptance of her crony by the Gods was very important to her. She felt that I will bury him and if I must die, I say that this crime is holy I shall lie down with him in death, and I shall be as dear to him as he to me.Creons order was personalised to Antigone, as she saw his law as invading her family life as hearty as offensive to the Gods. In Antigones eyes, Creon betrayed the laws of the Gods by not allowing her to properly bury her brother, Polynices. She believed that the burial was a sacred ritual, and Creon did not have the authority to refuse Polynices his entitlement. Antigones strong belief towards the burial of her brother is what take her to her death by the hands of Creon. Since Creon was ruler, whatever he said was the law, and since Antigone broke his law, Creon was in a sense to blame, because if that law wasnt put into effect then Antigone wouldnt have hung herself.Nevertheless, she did not rele ase defending what she thought was proper. Right before her death, Antigone exclaimed, you see me now, the last unhappy daughter of a edge of kings, your kings, led away to death. You will remember what things I suffer and at what mens hands, because I would nottransgress the laws of heaven. She feels that Creon is abusing his power as king and dealing with her task on a personal level.Creons actions were based off of the fact that, no ruler can expect complete inscription from his subjects until he has been tested in office. Polynices body left unburied is a symbol of Creons action to achieve the loyalty that he desired. As long as I am King, no double-dealer is going to be keep an eye oned with the loyal man. Leaving the body unburied was done to show find for Thebes, not in spite of the family. After all, how could the ruler of a kingdom honor a man who attempted to invade and conquer what is now his kingdom. This was far from the beliefs of Antigone. She believed that eve ryone deserved the right to have a proper burial, no matter what wrong doing that person may have done, and that the gods are the authorities that judge the afterlife. out-of-pocket to this belief, Creon turned Antigone into his prisoner, and not the publics. The general population actually supported Antigone, but though they were withal scared to stand against Creon. Haimon knew of this and told his father, Died so shameful a death for a generous act She cover her brothers body. Is this indecent? She kept him from dogs and vultures. Is this a crime? Death? She should have all the honor that we can give her This is the way they talk out there in the city. Creon was exercising complete domination of political power. By not allowing Antigone to perform her religious ceremony of burying her brother is interfering with religious affairs. This act denied Antigone of her religious freedom.Creon had to weigh each factor carefully, and had to decide between his morals and his beliefs. He was torn, seek to choose what was just. Oh it is hard to give in But it is worse to risk everything for stubborn pride. The conflict of beliefs was what led to Antigones, Haimons, and Megareus death. Both sides were just, but Creon was forced to decide and determine right from wrong when there was no clean-cut answer. In the end, the Chorus opinion was the determining factor and they convinced Creon to set Antigone free, but it was already besides late.The conflict between the beliefs of Creon and Antigone are layered throughout the play. Both have logical arguments, but neither dominates the other. Antigone is motivated by her strong religious feelings, while Creon is trying to be lawful and do whats right for his kingdom. Neither won this battle, as Antigone took her life, the lives of Creons wife and son followed, leaving Creon with nothing but his precious kingdom.

History of Moulin Rouge

Carefree life, Fickleness and Joie de Vivre Those are the three words that could best sum up this whimsical period in the History of France. It was a rest between two wars, a period of transmutation between two centuries, during which the social barriers collapsed, when the industrial revolution gave hope of a better life for all, in a rich cultural profusion and that promised much fun. The middle- class mixed with the riffraff, the popular culture was intensify in a contented disorder full of joy and vitality.In that atmosphere, which favored artistic creativity, literary circles appeared and disappeared according to people meetings, while painters and drawers got especially inspired by this joyful sometimes dreadful but full of fancy atmosphere that broke completely with the rigid classicism of that period. Moulin Rogue takes transmit in Montmarte (an area within the city of Paris). Crowning the Montmartre- based world of commercial entertainment was Joseph Oller and Charles Z idlers landmark music hall, the Moulin Rouge.When the Moulin Rouge opened its door on the Place Blanche at the foot of Montmartre on the 6th of October 1889, all Paris turned out. Highbrow and lowbrow society alike mobbed the Palace of Women before the paintwork was dry on its extravagantly decorated interior. The Moulin Rouges decor, by Montmartre painter Adolphe Willette, its exotic colour, carcass and the being became an overnight degreeend. Besides the immense dance hall complete with galleries to watch the dance flooring and an orchestra mounted above the stage, there was a garden with another stage, cafe tables, cavorting monkeys and unstockinged prostitutes riding donkeys.Also in the garden, a giant elephant (gleaned when the Universal Exhibition of 1889 terminated, housed an Arabian themed club inside its body. Male clients entered via the elephants leg where a spiral staircase opened onto belly dancing performances, an orchestra and an opium den. Making a radical severa lize with the centurys relentless class divisions, a microcosm of Parisian society rubbed shoulder in disgraceful proximity. European royalty, ambassadors, politicians, industrialists and magistrates lummed it with celebrity courtesans, can-can girls and workers. The local Montmartre Bohemians and the cocottes and noctambules (prostitutes), pimps, madams and thieves who were their neighbors were also out in force. Within the Moulins velvet engrossed walls, the aromas of womens scent, face powder, tobacco and beer mingled as promiscuously as the audience in a class of their own were the courtesans, a social phenomena that all but died out with the end of the Belle Epoque and the beginning of World war 1.Though springing from the same working class as the prostitutes, the more celebrated courtesans were distinguished by the space and high-style of the relationships they formed (with, near exclusively, the elite of Europe). Like todays film, stars and supermodels, were also coltish ly observed by fight back and public. But, if the Moulin Rouge quickly established its reputation as the most exotic sex market in Paris, it also represented a kind of cultural and social revolution.

Ottoman vs. Mughals

footstool imperium Vs. Mughal Empire The hassock and Mughal empires were both(prenominal) of the most successful empires to ever come together. However, in their dominance there was umpteen similarities as well(p) as differences. Both went through their share of struggle. Whether through political, religious, or cultural struggle the cardinal empires had to desire on their emperors for guidance and rule. The pooves were amid the Turkic-speaking nomadic bulk who had spread westward from Central Asia through tabu the ninth, tenth and eleventh centuries. The primary to appear were the Seljuk Turks.In the late thirteenth century, a new decompose of Turks began to emerge in the northwestern corner of Anatolian peninsula, under the leadership of the tribal leader Osman. These Turks were peaceful and enmeshed in pastoral pursuits. However, with the decline of the Seljuk Empire in the early fourteenth century, the Osman Turks began to expand and founded the puff dynasty. The Osmanlis later became cognise as the Ottomans. Later expanding westward the Ottoman Empire set up their first European base at G aloneipoli. They expanded gradually into the Balkans and allied with Serbia and Bulgar forces against the twistys.Okhar gradually established permanent settlements in the area. Through off the area Turkish provincial governors, called beys, collected appraisees from the local Slavic peasants after driving out the previous priminglords. This later became known as the Bey remains. Which would be the foundation of the Ottoman politics for centuries. In this remains the Ottoman leader began to claim the call of Sultan or supreme originator over his domain. The Ottoman political frame was the result of the evolution of tribal institutions into a sedentary empire (Duiker, Spielvogel. 455).At the apex of this system was the Sultan, who was the authority in both a political and military sense. Though, both administrative and military power was centraliz ed under the bey. Okhars son Murad succeeded him in 1389. Murad began to build of a strong military administration based on the recruitment of Christians into an elite guard. These warriors were called Janissaries. Some of these Janissaries were even able to become senior members of the bureaucracy. They were and then assigned land in fief by the sultan and were responsible for collecting taxes and supplying armies to the empire.The land was farmed out to the local cavalry elite called the Sipahis. Who were equivalent to the beys, this system later became known as the Devshirme system. Janissaries were alike a big advant while because they were directly subordinated to the sultanate because of this they owed loyalty to the person of the sultan. Both Okhars and Murads system were vital aspects of the Ottomans expansion. The most prevalent was in 1451 when Mehmet II ordered the construction of a major fortress on the Bosporus. This move put the Turks in a position to strangle the By zantine Empire. With the Byzantines hand-cuffed, Mehmet II made his move.He attacked Constantinople in 1453 where he defeated the empire and ignited the expansion of what would be known as one of the most dominant empires of all time. Constantinople later was renamed to Istanbul, as it became the center of the art, education, and religion for the Ottoman Empire. Mehmet II did not only tear down the Byzantine Empire, only if he also construct the Topkapi Palace, which was the heart of administration and religion. The Ottoman Empire continued their expansion with Mehmets successor Selim I in 1512. Selim I defeated the Mamlucks of Egypt after they failed to support the Ottomans in there battle against the Safavids.Which gave him control of several sanctum sanctorum cities of Islam, including Jerusalem, Mecca, and Medina, Selim declared himself the new Caliph, or the successor of Muhammad in the Muslim religion. The Caliph is the highest religious authority and the guardian of the re ligion. Also, the Caliph interprets laws of the Sharia. However, in practice the Head Priest does the interpreting. These Ottomans elites were Sunni Muslims, although, Islamic law and customs were applied to all Muslims in the empire. Some communities were attracted to Sufism or other heterodox doctrines.The government accepted such activities as gigantic as the communities remained loyal to the empire. Non-Muslims formed a significant minority at heart the empire. The minority was treated with relative tolerance, but they were compelled to pay a send tax and were permitted to practice their religion or convert to Islam. from each one of these religious groups within the empire was organized as an administrative unit known as millet. to each one group, including Muslims had its own patriarch priest, who dealt as an intermediary with the government and administered the community according to its own laws. Nomadic people were placed in separate millets.Where they were subject to their own laws, and were governed by their hereditary chiefs, the beys. The Mughals came about in kind of a different way. In the late fourteenth century, the Indian subcontinent known as Calicut was divided into a number of Hindoo and Muslim kingdoms. However, it was on the verge of a new era of unity that was brought upon by a foreign dynasty known as the Mughals. The Founder of the Mughal Empire known as Babur had a heavy(a) family history, not only was his father a descendent from the great Asian conqueror Tamerlane, but his bring was also a descendent from the Mongol Conqueror Genghis Khan.Unlike the Ottomans who earned their first land as a reward from the Seljuk Turks for their role in the drive out of the Mongols in the late thirteenth century. Babur get a portion of Tamerlanes empire in an upland valley of the Syr Darya River. Though, the Uzbeks and then the Safavid dynasty in Persia drive him south. Babur and his warriors later seized Kabul in 1504 and thirteen year s later crossed Khyber Pass into India. Moreover, the conqueror of the Mughal Empire that made the greatest impact was Baburs grandson Akbar.Although he was illiterate, and only assumed the throne at the age of fourteen. He was also remembered as one of the most intelligent conquerors of the empire. So intelligent, instead of taking the title of the Caliph as the Ottomans did. He proclaimed himself as the spiritual and temporal head of state. Akbar did this to insure that everyone would follow his policies, not because he was Devine, but because of his wisdom. Akbar took toleration to an entirely different level. Making the Ottomans look intolerable, as emperor Akbar displayed a keen interest in other religions.Tolerating Hindu practices in his own domains but also welcoming the expression of Christian views by his Jesuit advisers. With these beliefs, Akbar determined to formulate his own religion he called Din-I-Ilahi. This religion was based off toleration, taking away many regul ations that the Muslim court had in place. For example, he allowed worship in public he allowed construction of Christian churches and Hindu Temple. As well as establishing a translation department, translating Hindu religious books into Persian. Yet in 1519, maybe the most important regulation was eliminated, when Akbar abolished the Jizya.This was the head tax put in place by the ottomans to all of the Non-Muslims had to pay in order to stay out of the military. Doing this created a brotherhood of man within the Muslim culture, unlike the Ottomans who looked down on the minorities in the area. Akbar also extends his changes to the imperial administration. The empire was divided into provinces, a lot like the Ottomans, and the administration of each province was modeled after the central government, with separate departments for military, financial, commercial, and legal affairs. Senior officials were then appointed for each department.These officials were known as Zamindars. The o fficials were first paid salaries, but later they were ordinarily assigned sections of agricultural land. Where peasants walked the land, tilled the land, but were forced to pay a tax to the Zamindar. Which was partly kept by the Zamindar, and the rest was forwarded to the central government. The Zamindar also recruited a number of military and civilian retainers and accumulated considerable power in their areas. A great deal of the Mughals success was the harmony that Akbar oblige on their society.Unfortunately, when Akbar passed, so did most of his ideas. Akbars successors tried to turn the Mughal Empire back into a Sunni Muslim state, and the toleration of Non-Muslims was gone. This discrimination as well as economic crisis led to decline of the Mughal Empire. Despite the situation that both the Ottomans and the Mughals had outstanding leadership and motivation, this was not the lone factor that allowed them to be so successful. Some scholars have labeled them Gun Powder Empire because of their superior military techniques of modern warfare, oddly the use of firearms.Firearms played a central role in expansion for both the empires. In conclusion, these two Sunni Muslim empires could seem quite diverse on one hand, but in the big contrive they have a considerable amount in common. Both were trying to achieve their goal of expansion, and both had to innovate their own regulations within a Sunni Muslim state. Nevertheless, the two went about these two goals in a diverse way. Bibliography William J. Duiker, Jackson J. Spielvogel, World History Seventh Edition, The Pennsylvania State University, Vol. II, Since 1500.